External controlling the phase transition behavior of vanadium dioxide is important to realize its practical applications as energy-efficient electronic devices. Because of its relatively high phase transition temperature of 68 °C, the central challenge for VO₂-based electronics, lies in finding an energy efficient way, to modulate the phase transition in a reversible and reproducible manner. In this work, we report an experimental realization of p–n heterojunctions by growing VO₂ film on p-type GaN substrate. By adding the bias voltage on the p–n junction, the metal–insulator transition behavior of VO₂ film can be changed continuously. It is demonstrated that the phase transition of VO₂ film is closely associated with the carrier distribution within the space charge region, which can be directly controlled by the bias voltage. Our findings offer novel opportunities for modulating the phase transition of VO₂ film in a reversible way as well as extending the concept of electric-field modulation on other phase transition materials.