… The ambition of this project has been to bring relevant concepts together and to look for
useful connections between concepts and types of controls and specific functions and
outputs of EU agencies and in some cases their national counterparts. This project has
aimed to address the question of how to ensure the controls needed to promote the rule of
law in an EU multi-jurisdictional order both conceptually and for specific types of institutions
which have been obtaining increasingly far-reaching executive powers, namely EU …

After more than 40 years since EU agencies' appearance in the EU legal order, their
accountability is still a Gordian knot. On the one hand, EU agencies are still hybrid bodies,
with a scant recognition in primary law, without an explicit legal basis for their establishment
and clear rules as for the acts that they can adopt, the procedures for doing so and the limits
of the powers that can be conferred to them. On the other hand, despite this shaky legal
framework, EU agencies have been established in basically every field of EU law, gaining …