Given the increasing prevalence of end-stage kidney disease, the high morbidity and
mortality of dialysis treatment, and the shortage of donor kidneys, the field of nephrology is
progressively shifting its focus to regenerative medicine. In particular, both the development
of a bioartificial kidney and the improvement of kidney-mimicking systems developed in vitro
(eg organoids or tubuloids) for implantation purposes are attractive therapeutic strategies.
However, a major hurdle to overcome with the current kidney cell models available is the …