… The existing conundrums in visceral infections of Leishmania are mainly due to complexity
in host parasite interaction. The more we explore the conundrums in Leishmania infection, …

… Altogether, the contribution of IL-21/IL-21R to leishmaniasis remains a conundrum with
limited studies on gene-deficient and receptor-deficient experiments to validate a distinct role. …

… leishmaniasis, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL; see Glossary) caused by the
protozoan parasite Leishmania … cure from visceral leishmaniasis (VL; also known as kala-azar) [ …

Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease caused by intracellular protozoans … Leishmania
mainly transmitted by the bite of sand flies. In Italy, leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania …

… leishmaniasis, the most severe leishmaniasis form, is caused by Leishmania donovani and
Leishmania … In endemic countries, Leishmania has gained prominence as an opportunistic …

… protozoan called Leishmania major. It might sound like an arcane conundrum, but it has "a
direct … For one thing, Leishmania is a major scourge, afflicting an estimated 12 million people …

… The journey of Leishmania into its mammalian host begins in the midgut of female
hematophagous sand flies, where Leishmania promastigotes proliferate and mature into infectious …

… Protozoa of the genus Leishmania are global agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis,
… Similarly, in Leishmania, genetic groups have been defined, including epidemiologically …

… In this case, two different cells, Th1 and Th2, are reciprocally modulating the same immune
response, such as DTH or the killing of Leishmania. Likewise, although both CD28 and …

… Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease with a variety of Clinical manifestations. Cutaneous
leishmaniasis (CL) … We describe two unusual cases of chronic leishmaniasis that remained …