Following the first aircraft landing in Nigeria in the year 1925 giving birth to the Nigerian aviation sector, the Nigerian civil aviation sector has continued in his growth and has seen its own fair share of challenges. The current structure of the Nigerian civil aviation sector is examined through the examination of the principal bodies in the aviation sector [Accident Investigation Bureau (AIB), Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA) and Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA)]. The airline operators in Nigeria and their fleets are considered with due consideration given to the safety records of the Nigerian Airspace. The social economic impact of the aviation sector in Nigeria is also examined with a speculation about future emergent trends. Current challenges facing the aviation sector in Nigeria and the way of solving them is also given. Expedited work has been done on so many sectors (such as airspace management, airport terminals, airlines, safety, etc) in the aviation industry.