Extreme environmental conditions pose fundamental obstacles to the stable operation of equipment in cutting-edge fields such as deep space exploration and military equipment. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as novel energy harvesting and sensing devices exhibit unparalleled potential under high-temperature conditions. However, the development of temperature-resistant triboelectric materials is the prerequisite for ensuring the stable operation of TENGs in extremely high-temperature environments. This review aims to customize temperature-resistant cellulosic triboelectric materials, providing new perspectives for the application of TENGs in extreme environments. The development process of temperature-resistant triboelectric materials is investigated, the effects of high-temperature environments on contact electrification are introduced, and the unique properties of cellulosic triboelectric materials are highlighted. Furthermore, the customization strategies of cellulosic triboelectric materials, including chemical modification, filler doping and structural design are systematically discussed. Finally, the emerging applications and future challenges of customizing temperature-resistant cellulosic triboelectric materials are analyzed.