the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). Results: Of the 40
patients, 19 patients (47.5%) showed clonal karyotypic abnormalities with distribution as
follows: 3 of 15 (20%) of refractory anaemia (RA), 4 of 7 (57%) of refractory anaemia with
excess blasts-1 (RAEB-1), 4 of 6 (67%) of refractory anaemia with excess blasts 2 (RAEB-2),
2 of 3 (67%) of refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), 2 of 4 (50%) of refractory …