The transparent laminated structures having annealed and tempered glass layer with adjoining interlayer are used increasingly in aircrafts, high-speed trains, and important installations. In a pursuit to realize the fracture initiation, propagation, speed, path, and catastrophic failure to dynamic impact event in brittle materials like (annealed and tempered) silicate glass are experimentally analyzed in this research article undergoing tensile and compression loading. The Kolsky bar system linked with high-speed framing camera is applied to record the deformation images of glass samples for compression/tensile dynamic loading. The captured images are studied to identify the damage development and final rupture of silicate glass specimens. The stress-time history curves were related with recorded high-speed stills to enlighten the load-bearing capacity and damage accumulation in glass specimens. The stress–strain relations from two types of loading were used to envisage the energy absorption capability of annealed and tempered glass. The collected debris after test suggested that both glass types are loading-rate sensitive and the tempered glass dices in fine particles than annealed glass. In compression, and tensile loading mode the maximum energy was absorbed in by tempered glass which supports the use of this type of glass in impact resistant transparent laminated structures. The microscopic and scan electron microscope (SEM) pictures of collected fragments were also analyze to observe the failure mechanism and fracture surfaces in two types of glasses.