interaction forces between the AFM-tip and a substrate (probe). This can either be a direct tip–
sample interaction or an interaction between molecules coupled to the tip and probe,
respectively. The interaction forces are typically in the range of a few pN to some hundred
pN. In this article we describe algorithms for the analysis of force–distance cycles, to quantify
interaction forces between tip and probe. Both, the direct tip–probe interaction as well as the …