Data assimilation (DA) is used extensively in numerical weather prediction (NWP) to
improve forecast skill. Indeed, improvements in forecast skill in NWP models over the past
30 years have directly coincided with improvements in DA schemes. At present, due to data
availability and technical challenges, DA is underused in space weather applications,
particularly for solar wind prediction. This paper investigates the potential of advanced DA
methods currently used in operational NWP centers to improve solar wind prediction. To …

Data Assimilation is used extensively in numerical weather prediction (NWP) to improve
forecast 6 skill. Indeed, improvements in forecast skill in NWP models over the past 30 years
have directly 7 coincided with improvements in data assimilation schemes [32]. At present,
due to data availability 8 and technical challenges, data assimilation is underused in the
space weather prediction, particularly 9 for solar wind prediction. This paper investigates the
potential of advanced data assimilation methods 10 currently used in operational NWP …