A variety of approaches to delineating metropolitan areas have been developed. Systematic
comparisons of these approaches in terms of the metro area landscape that they generate
are however few. Our paper aims to fill this gap. We focus on Indonesia and make use of
data on commuting flows, spatially fine-grained population, and remotely sensed nighttime
lights to construct metropolitan areas using several approaches that have been developed
in the literature. We find that the maps and characteristics of Indonesia's metro area …