In the last century, the world has experienced huge and various types of environmental threats. An important group of them is generated from the wide use of fossil fuel such as petroleum as the source of energy in industries, urban development and transportation. Hydrocarbons are the main constituents of fossil fuels thus petroleum hydrocarbons are possible and important source of pollution worldwide. Petroleum hydrocarbons enter the environment from accidental oil spill, natural leaks, industrial releases, vehicles or as byproducts from commercial or domestic uses (Ou et al., 2004). Hydrocarbons in petroleum include several types and categories of normal alkanes (saturated, n-alkane), unsaturated hydrocarbons, non-symmetric cyclic hydrocarbons (terpanes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Predominance of these compounds in the environmental compartments or samples may indicate petroleum pollution. Petroleum hydrocarbon may disperse in the environment via atmospheric transportation and/or lateral transport. Petroleum contaminants are subject to several processes and changes after production or release such as degradation, photooxidation and decay. The trend over hydrocarbon changes in the environment depends on their chemical characteristics and depositional locations. Locations such as depository sediments under the sea bed surface usually keep hydrocarbon contents unchanged.