English The study of the biblical text is undergoing a profound revolution that is changing the paradigm of textual criticism and the very understanding of the text. As this paradigm shift has important consequences for exegesis, theology and pastoral work, the present study intends to find out what is the nature of this change, and how it affects the explanation of the biblical text, the theological reflection and the Church reading. Its aim is to promote a debate on some of the implications of this change of perspective for all these activities in which the biblical text plays a central role.