Electric vehicles (EVs) generally do not have the natural engine sound; thus, sound design
for such vehicles is more crucial. This study focuses on proposing an EV interior sound
design through utilizing the granular synthesis method. Moreover, it aims to investigate the
effect of each granular synthesis parameter on the drivers' affective experience. In the model
proposed, four granular synthesis parameters (sample source, grain duration, grain
envelope, and revolution per minute [RPM] range) with three levels each were selected for …