waveguide coupling has been designed and optimized using numerical simulations. A
shallow etched silicon nitride (SiN) grating is placed inside the cavity of the hybrid vertical-
cavity silicon-integrated laser to both set the polarization state of the resonant optical field
and to enable output coupling to a SiN waveguide with high efficiency. The numerical
simulations predict that for apertures of 4 and 6-μm oxide-confined VCSILs operating at 845 …