DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks have become a pressing threat to the security
and integrity of computer networks and information systems, which are indispensable
infrastructures of modern times. The detection of DDoS attacks is a challenging issue before
any mitigation measures can be taken. ML/DL (Machine Learning/Deep Learning) has been
applied to the detection of DDoS attacks with satisfactory achievement. However, full-scale
success is still beyond reach due to an inherent problem with ML/DL-based systems—the so …

The development of the Internet has facilitated our daily communication. However, crises of
security also rise at the same time. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) is one of the most
destructive attacks among others. Nowadays, deep learning has been applied to intrusion
detection and achieves a satisfactory detection rate. However, most of the related works
suffer from the problem of Open-Set Recognition. No particular measure is taken for
unknown attacks, which leads to the reduction of model generalization ability. The …