to minor and major blindness and is more prevalent among adults. Automated screening
saves time of medical care specialists. In this work, we have used different deep learning
(DL) based 3D convolutional neural network (3D‐CNN) architectures for binary and
multiclass (5 classes) classification of DR. We have considered mild, moderate, no,
proliferate, and severe DR categories. We have deployed two artificial data augmentation …