Background In adolescent athletes, low back pain has a 1-year prevalence of 57% and
causes include spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. An accurate diagnosis enables
healing, prevention of progression and return to sport. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic
utility of patient history and physical examination data to identify spondylolysis and/or
spondylolisthesis in athletes. Design Systematic review was undertaken according to
published guidelines, and reported in line with PRISMA. Method Key databases were …