Background Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to replace nicotine from cigarettes to
ease the transition from cigarette smoking to abstinence. It works by reducing the intensity of
craving and withdrawal symptoms. Although there is clear evidence that NRT used after
smoking cessation is effective, it is unclear whether higher doses, longer durations of
treatment, or using NRT before cessation add to its effectiveness. Objectives To determine
the effectiveness and safety of different forms, deliveries, doses, durations and schedules of …

Background Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to replace nicotine from cigarettes.
This helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and ease the transition from
cigarette smoking to complete abstinence. Although there is high‐certainty evidence that
NRT is effective for achieving long‐term smoking abstinence, it is unclear whether different
forms, doses, durations of treatment or timing of use impacts its effects. Objectives To
determine the effectiveness and safety of different forms, deliveries, doses, durations and …