METHODS The cytotoxic and anti-cancer stem-cell (CSC) effects of DSF and DSF/Cu++
were evaluated with clonogenic assays, flow cytometry with AnnV/PI, PI/Ki67, Aldefluor®,
anti-Nestin and anti-CD133 antibody, immunofluorescence, and western-blotting. Human
cell lines-ONS76, UW228 (SHH-driven with Tp53m), D425med, D283 and D341 (Group 3)
were used. In vivo survival and nuclear protein localization protein-4 (NPL4), Ki67, Cleaved-
Caspase-3, GFAP and NeuN expression were assessed in two xenografts of Group 3 MB …

Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common brain malignancy in children, and is
still responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess
the safety and efficacy of Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved inhibitor of Aldehyde-
Dehydrogenase (ALDH), and Copper (Cu++) in human SSH-driven and Group 3 MB. The
molecular mechanisms, effect on cancer-stem-cells (CSC) and DNA damage were
investigated in xenograft models. Methods The cytotoxic and anti-CSC effects of DSF/Cu++ …