To obtain more of a particular uncertain reward, animals must learn to actively overcome the
lack of reward and adjust behavior to obtain it again. The neural mechanisms underlying
such coping with reward omission remain unclear. Here, we developed a task in rats to
monitor active behavioral switch toward the next reward after no reward. We found that some
dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area exhibited increased responses to
unexpected reward omission and decreased responses to unexpected reward, following the …

Dopamine error signal to actively cope with lack of expected reward | CiNii Research …
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