Double trouble: Exploring the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and the nonmedical use of psychoactive prescription drugs among adolescents

L Zahlan, L Ghandour, N Yassin, R Afifi… - Drug and alcohol …, 2014 - Elsevier
Background In youth, both waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and nonmedical use of
prescription drugs (NMUPD) are globally growing concerns. This study assesses for the first
time the lifetime and past-year associations between WTS and four classes of psychoactive
prescription drugs. Methods Cross-sectional data (2011) on 986 high school students
attending public and private high schools in Beirut (Lebanon) was analyzed. Schools were
selected using proportionate random cluster sampling from a comprehensive list of schools …
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