(EMSs), behavioral inhibition/approach systems (BAS/BIS), and defense styles among the
Iranian users of opiate, stimulant, and cannabis drugs and healthy subjects since July 2014
to August 2015. In a cross-sectional comparative design, 962 participants including 762
users of opiate (males= 256, females= 142), stimulant (males= 136, females= 112), and
cannabis (males= 84, females= 32) drugs and 200 healthy subjects (males= 112, females …
Factors contributing to abusing various substances may be different. The aim of the present
study was to study the comparison of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), behavioral
inhibition system (BIS)/behavioral approach system (BAS), and defense styles among
Iranian natural and synthetic substance users at the start of their treatment and healthy
subjects in Shiraz, Iran, since July 2014 to September 2015. In a cross-sectional
comparative design, 1056 participants including 704 users of natural (n= 352) and synthetic …