By presenting the main characteristics of the health care systems in Europe, the paper attempts to examine the impact of the economic and social determinants of the health state on certain indicators for the Romanian health care system, by using multiple regression models. The four valid resulted models confirmed our hypothesis regarding expected impact of alcohol consumption on neonatal deaths and life expectancy at age 45, of the number of hospitals on the number of maternal deaths and the impact of the population living in the urban area on life expectancy at age 45 and at age 65. Since no other hypothesis have been confirmed, we consider that the evolution of the Romanian health indicators should not always be attributed to the factors that are conventionally thought to be important. Based on the analysis, we have proposed a set of measures that should be taken into consideration in order to increase the positive outcomes of the health reforms performed in Romania since the fall of the communism.