In recent times, cartilage defects have been the most common athletic injuries, often leading
to dreadful consequences such as osteoarthritis, pain, joint deformities, and other symptoms.
It is also evident that damage to articular cartilage is often difficult to recover or self-heal
because of poor vascular, nervous, and lymphatic supplies. Moreover, cartilage cells have
poor regeneration ability and high maturity. Inspired by these facts and the rapid advances
in the field of tissue engineering (TE), we fabricated highly porous three-dimensional (3D) …