Effect of moderate electric fields on the physical and chemical characteristics of cheese emulsions

I Altay, LS Queiroz, NFN Silva, AH Feyissa… - Gels, 2023 - mdpi.com
Gels, 2023mdpi.com
Cheese powder is a multifunctional ingredient that is produced by spray drying a hot cheese
emulsion called cheese feed. Feed stability is achieved by manipulating calcium equilibrium
using emulsifying salts. However, the increased demand for 'green'products created a need
for alternative production methods. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of ohmic
heating (OH) on Cheddar cheese, mineral balance, and the resulting cheese feed
characteristics compared with a conventional method. A full factorial design was …
Cheese powder is a multifunctional ingredient that is produced by spray drying a hot cheese emulsion called cheese feed. Feed stability is achieved by manipulating calcium equilibrium using emulsifying salts. However, the increased demand for ‘green’ products created a need for alternative production methods. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of ohmic heating (OH) on Cheddar cheese, mineral balance, and the resulting cheese feed characteristics compared with a conventional method. A full factorial design was implemented to determine the optimal OH parameters for calcium solubilization. Electric field exposure and temperature had a positive correlation with mineral solubilization, where temperature had the greatest impact. Structural differences in pre-treated cheeses (TC) were analyzed using thermorheological and microscopic techniques. Obtained feeds were analyzed for particle size, stability, and viscosity. OH-treatment caused a weaker cheese structure, indicating the potential removal of calcium phosphate complexes. Lower component retention of OH_TC was attributed to the electroporation effect of OH treatment. Microscopic images revealed structural changes, with OH_TC displaying a more porous structure. Depending on the pre-treatment method, component recovery, viscosity, particle size distribution, and colloidal stability of the obtained feeds showed differences. Our findings show the potential of OH in mineral solubilization; however, further improvements are needed for industrial application.
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