Vegetative experiments were carried out to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with selenium and silicon on the barley culture, the “Reliable” variety under conditions of optimal and insufficient soil humidity. In vegetative experiments were investigated the effect of short-term drying of the soil, which was established by stopping the watering of the sixth stage of organogenesis. Certain regularities are the uptake of barley of individual heavy metals, depending on the conditions of humidification and pre-sowing seed treatment of the seeds with selenium and silicon. The relationship of cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and chromium accumulation in the basic and by-products is established, depending on the conditions of barley cultivation and the method of seed treatment with silicon and selenium.