Purpose Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax are important diseases in sheep.
Vaccination is a favorable strategy against both infections. Simultaneous administration of
vaccines does generally not impede the immune responses of each other, although there
are some exceptions, and it may help reduce the labor and costs of vaccination as well as
distress on animals. Although oil adjuvant FMD vaccine has been tried with live anthrax
vaccine in cattle, there are no reports on the simultaneous use of both vaccines in sheep …