Cardiovascular disease marks the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United
States. Pharmacological therapies have been developed to reduce the burden of
cardiovascular diseases in the setting of large-scale randomized controlled trials. In contrast,
vitamins and minerals have not undergone an equal level of scrutiny, and the evidence of
cardiovascular benefit remains elusive. Multivitamins are the most popular over-the-counter
supplements in the United States, despite the lack of clear benefit as a means of primary or …