of monkeypox disease in May 2022, with case numbers rising rapidly, mainly among gay,
bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). To control the outbreak, Modified
Vaccinia Ankara–Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN), an attenuated smallpox vaccine, was offered to
high-risk GBMSM. We assessed the effectiveness of a single MVA-BN dose against
monkeypox disease in high-risk GBMSM. Methods Monkeypox cases in England were sent …