ovariectomized animals with estrogen deficiency, which resembles the postmenopausal
state and age-related bone loss in humans. This study investigated the effects of swimming
exercise on tibia and femur bone mineral density (BMD), geometry, and microstructure in
sham and ovariectomized rats. Forty 3-month-old female rats were divided into four groups:
sham operated-sedentary control (Sham-control), sham operated with swimming exercise …