conventional PCSC, a PCSC with the two bottommost segments confined by steel tubes,
and a PCSC with all the segments confined by steel tubes (PCSC-FST), are numerically
investigated and compared in this study. The behaviours of the columns subjected to various
impact loads at two different impact locations, ie at the top and at the centre of the first
segment, are considered. It is found that the use of steel confinement does not only enhance …