… We have also demonstrated reversible, thermally powered torsional actuation for hybrid
yarn containing other volume-expanding guests. One example is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 C≡CC≡C(…

… Electrically, chemically, or photonically induced volume change of guest material generates
torsional rotation and tensile … of graphene fibre based hybrid torsional actuators has been …

… Relying on this property, solar-light-driven low-temperature CNT/LCE actuators that … -stroke
torsional and tensile actuation.39 Electrical, chemical, or photonic excitation of hybrid CNT …

… of the guest material into large tensile contraction [41]. However, … superior to those of
guest-filled hybrid yarn muscles [30]. … ; once the nylon yarn was electrically heated and contracted, …

… physical properties including high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and flexibility.
… a dual torsional and tensile actuation in a twisted GO-based composite fiber that was driven …

… the torsional actuation of PCM-CNT hybrid yarn driven by the … of the electrolyte-free
torsional and tensile actuator, as high-… , the former system reports an electrical-to-mechanical …

… they can be actuated by joule heating or chemical swelling, and … proposed for the torsional
and tensile actuation of polymer … for the tensile actuation of TCAMs that relates the electrical, …

… -close packed electrically conductive helices … actuations estimated by the tension change
for both cases increased to their maximum value at the same time after inputting electric power […

… a coordinated sequence of electrical, chemical, and physical … , thermal energy, chemical
energy, and photonic energy, as … form ionic hydrogel-elastomer hybrid DEAs. The hydrogel is …

… actuators that can swell spontaneously under electrical … hinges, which generates a surface
tension force that induces a 3D self-… , a chemically responsive actuator can be operated by the …