The world faces a mass extinction event that threatens 10–30 percent of all mammal, bird, and amphibian species (Wilson 1992 Novacek and Cleland 2001 Kiesecker et al. 2004 Levin and Levin 2004). Anthropogenic stres-sors, such as invasive species, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change, contribute to the crisis, but habitat destruction is by far the most influential factor in this unprecedented loss of biodiversity (Vitousek et al. 1997b Hardner and Rice 2002). Development pressures will increase dramatically if global economic growth doubles by 2030 as expected (World Bank 2007), and unprecedented investment in energy development—more than $20 trillion—will be needed to support this growth, especially in developing countries (International Energy Agency 2007). This surge in development will only accelerate habitat destruction. Thus, given the importance of economic development for improving human well-being, substantial improvement in our ability to balance development needs with environmental conservation is crucial.