Energy harvesting by waste acid/base neutralization via bipolar membrane reverse electrodialysis

A Zaffora, A Culcasi, L Gurreri, A Cosenza, A Tamburini… - Energies, 2020 - mdpi.com
Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity
exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste
streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module
under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a
maximum power density of~ 17 W m− 2 was obtained at 100 A m− 2 with a 10-triplet stack
with a flow velocity of 1 cm s− 1, while an energy density of~ 10 kWh m− 3 acid could be …
Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.
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