with a two-level atom may be simplified via a transformation that involves Susskind-
Glogower operators (SGO). By using this transformation it is easy to show that we can cast
the Hamiltonian, after a unitary transformation, into a Hamiltonian that is equivalent to the ion-
laser Hamiltonian. We would like to stress that the transformation in terms of SGO already
simplifies enough the Hamiltonian in the sense that, in an exact way, it “eliminates” one of …