reinforcement learning (c-MARL). However, the robustness of c-MARL agents against
adversarial attacks has been rarely explored. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the
robustness of c-MARL agents via a model-based approach. Our proposed formulation can
craft stronger adversarial state perturbations of c-MARL agents (s) to lower total team
rewards more than existing model-free approaches. In addition, we propose the first victim …