Thermal desalination process is proven to be robust for large scale installation and meet
specific water quality requirement, but it needs high energy cost with serious environmental
concerns related to discharge of brine. On the other hand, membrane processes have
started gaining market acceptance due to improvement in membrane chemistry, efficient pre-
treatment and smaller foot print, but still face many challenges when implemented in high
salinity and bio-fouling sea water conditions, like the Arabian Gulf. Current desalination …