spark-ignited, direct-injected fuel systems has been investigated. Three commercially
available DLC coatings have been compared to near-frictionless carbon (NFC) coatings and
to uncoated metal in standardized lubricity tests and custom wear tests intended to simulate
the fuel system environment. The coatings were applied to both laboratory balls and flats
and to production fuel injector tips. These coatings provided improvements in friction and …