symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male
endurance athletes. Methods Fifty-three healthy well-trained male cyclists, triathletes and
long-distance runners recruited from regional competitive sports clubs were included in this
cross-sectional study. The protocol comprised the Exercise Dependence Scale (EXDS), the
ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), measurements of body composition, resting …