particle emissions in harbours. RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations)
simulations using three variants of k–ε (standard k–ε, RNG k–ε and realizable k–ε)
turbulence closure models have been performed to analyse wind flow characteristics behind
an isolated fence located on a flat surface without roughness elements. The performance of
the three turbulence models has been assessed by wind tunnel experiments. Cases of …