Importance Previous work shows women who have children during surgical residency face
difficulty balancing childbearing with training, which negatively affects residency and career
satisfaction. Little is known about the factors that drive professional discontent. Objective To
determine factors associated with professional dissatisfaction for childbearing residents.
Design, Setting, and Participants Self-administered survey questionnaire electronically
distributed through the Association of Program Directors in Surgery, the Association of …

Editorial Comment: Patients are continuing to pay more out of pocket for cancer treatment for
several reasons. First, cancer treatments are simply becoming more and more expensive. In
addition, health plans are passing an increasing proportion of health care costs on to
patients. Finally, there is evidence that many expensive cancer treatments are overused. 1
The term “financial toxicity” has emerged as a means to describe the negative personal
financial burden faced by patients undergoing cancer treatment. As the last decade has …