… and rising demands of irrigation water, fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) was … fertilizers
were evaluated as DS against various qualities of feed solution (FS), and a diluted fertilizer …

… which is fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO). In this work, ammonium sulfate was
selected as a draw solution being a commercial, inexpensive, and efficient Egyptian fertilizer. …

… for irrigation. This work investigates the basic scheme of the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis
(FDFO) process, being an innovative application of the forward osmosis (FO) desalination …

… for non-potable irrigation where maximum water is required. In this concept of fertiliser
drawn FO (FDFO) desalination, fertilisers are used as draw solutions (DS). The diluted …

… effectiveness of a forward osmosis (FO) pilot plant (max. Flow rate 0.36 m 3 /h) to improve
the quality of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and its use for irrigating lettuce in …

… Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) was proposed to extract fresh water from flowback
… for irrigation, with fertilizer types and membrane orientations assessed. The draw solution (…

… as fertilizer for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination of saline water. The
FDFO process employed with thin-film composite (TFC) membrane and showed that the process …

… /L Mg, etc. for a drip irrigation system, depending on the various … impediment where freshwater
for irrigation is unavailable. … meets irrigation water quality or requires less dilution water. …

… The application of this new concept is briefly described here in this paper for the desalination
of saline water for irrigation, using fertilizer as a draw agent. Instead of separating the …

… driven FO (FDFO) desalination, in which saltwater is converted into nutrient rich water for
irrigation using a fertiliser solution as DS and this FO process intends to avoid the issue of DS …