When developers make changes to their code, they typically run regression tests to detect if
their recent changes (re) introduce any bugs. However, many tests are flaky, and their
outcomes can change non-deterministically, failing without apparent cause. Flaky tests are a
significant nuisance in the development process, since they make it more difficult for
developers to trust the outcome of their tests, and hence, it is important to know which tests
are flaky. The traditional approach to identify flaky tests is to rerun them multiple times: if a …