swirling burners is experimentally investigated to study the mechanism of burner–burner
flame propagation. The flame propagation patterns are studied by high-speed imaging.
Three typical patterns of the burner–burner flame propagation are identified: the kindled-
swirling pattern, entrained-swirling pattern, and sweeping pattern. The patterns are featured
with different flame paths of motion. For fixed flow rates, the paths of motion are mainly …