… Analysis of interconnectivity among water clusters in hydrated … ion-exchange membranes
and microporous membranes … Nafion membranes are predominantly used for flow batteries, …

… membranes in fuel cells, vanadium flow batteries, membrane-… The proton conductivity of
fully hydrated acidic membranes … When aromatic hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes are …

… of the dried membrane and hydrated membrane, respectively. The ion exchange sites were
… and PEI can form ionic cluster and channels keeping water molecules based on functional …

… direction for the fully hydrated and dried membrane. The WU … The average ion cluster
domain space (d) was calculated … hydrocarbon-based ion exchange membrane materials, were …

… in fuel cells and flow batteries, of three different side-chain lengths has been studied using
… membranes (AEM) using DPD and found water cluster shapes varying with hydration. They …

… , antibacterial coatings, flow batteries, and hydrogen fuel cells [[1… Random copolymers with
a similar ion-exchange capacity (IEC) … The fully hydrated membranes were taken out of water, …

… fuel cells, redox flow batteries, reverse electrodialysis, and water … The branched ionic
cluster containing six QA groups … oxide units and water molecules or hydrated hydroxide ions. …

… SDAPP membranes to much higher ion exchange capacity … (PFG) NMR diffusometry
measurements of the hydration waters. … tended to consist of isolated clusters with elongated …

… or hydroxide ions in hydrated ion exchange membranes; turning … a plethora of information
on water domain size, shape, and … small water domains is clearly demonstrated via this cluster …

… or pure SPEEK membranes, vanadium redox flow battery (… hydrated ion as well as surrounding
water molecule inside the … Because most ordinary hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes…