[PDF][PDF] Foraging behavior of the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) in coastal waters of the Mexican Central Pacific

CD Ortega-Ortiz, FR Elorriaga-Verplancken… - Aquatic …, 2014 - academia.edu
CD Ortega-Ortiz, FR Elorriaga-Verplancken, SA Arroyo-Salazar, RX García-Valencia…
Aquatic Mammals, 2014academia.edu
The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) is found in tropical-subtropical oceanic
waters worldwide (Miyazaki & Perrin, 1994). Individuals are usually sighted in waters of>
1,000 m depth (eg, in the French Polynesian Islands [Gannier & West, 2005]; and Hawaii
[Baird et al., 2008, 2013]), but there are some sightings in coastal areas (eg, Brazil; Flores &
Ximinez, 1997). Their recognized distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) is from the
western coast of the United States to southern Peru where sightings have been linked …
The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) is found in tropical-subtropical oceanic waters worldwide (Miyazaki & Perrin, 1994). Individuals are usually sighted in waters of> 1,000 m depth (eg, in the French Polynesian Islands [Gannier & West, 2005]; and Hawaii [Baird et al., 2008, 2013]), but there are some sightings in coastal areas (eg, Brazil; Flores & Ximinez, 1997). Their recognized distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) is from the western coast of the United States to southern Peru where sightings have been linked mainly to tropical oligotrophic waters (Jefferson, 2009). In the tropical region of the EPO, Wade & Gerrodette (1993) conducted surveys from 1986 to 1990 and estimated an abundance of~ 146,000 rough-toothed dolphins. However, little is known about this species, including its population structure, survival, site fidelity, home range, and other aspects of its basic biology (Gannier & West, 2005; Baird et al., 2008; Jefferson, 2009). Information on the trophic ecology is also scarce. Some data are available from reports of stomach content analysis of stranded individuals, which contained fish and cephalopod species from coastal and oceanic environments (Pitman & Stinchcomb, 2002; Jefferson, 2009). Additionally, reports on foraging behavior have been described for this species, such as chase activities, prey weakening, and prey herding (Baird et al., 2008; de Boer, 2010), which have occurred even on large prey species, such as dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), some of which were over 1 m in length (Pitman & Stinchcomb, 2002). A foraging strategy can be defined as a decision rule (or set of rules) that results from the particular use of certain tactics, which are themselves actions or behaviors that allow the pursuit of such strategy (Gross, 1996; Heithaus & Dill, 2009). Dolphins employ the feeding strategy of direct capture on single prey, and use various tactics to do so such as (1) individual chase (Mann & Sargeant, 2003; Silva-Jr. et al., 2007),(2) prey herding (Vaughn et al., 2007),(3) prey weakening (dos Santos et al., 2007; Guinet et al., 2007),(4) tool use (Mann & Sargeant, 2003; Mann et al., 2008),(5) group attack (Silva-Jr. et al., 2007),(6) consumption of bait in fishing lines (Nitta & Henderson, 1993), and (7) strand-feeding behavior (Duffy-Echevarria et al., 2008). Rough-toothed dolphins can optimize one or more of these tactics, depending on particular circumstances, in order to maximize energetic gains (Aguilar de Soto et al., 2008). In some instances, foraging tactics appear to be socially transmitted, particularly from mothers to offspring (Mann & Sargeant, 2003; Whitehead, 2003; Bender et al., 2009). In this short note, we describe behavioral foraging aspects of rough-toothed dolphins off the coast of Colima and south of Jalisco, Mexico, including some of their tactics, with the aim of generating information on the ecology of this species, which is poorly studied globally and regionally. A total of 109 marine surveys were conducted from January 2010 to December 2013 on board a small (7.9 m, FACIMAR II) outboard motor watercraft (Yamaha, 75 hp) off the Colima and southern Jalisco coasts (18.9 to 19.3 N and 104.5 to 105 W) in the Mexican Central Pacific (MCP)(Figure 1). The trajectories of these surveys were not systematic; three observers, positioned on the bow, starboard, and port, searched for rough-toothed dolphins using
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