process. The highly acidic sol precursors contained titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as
a titanium source, a tri-block copolymer Pluronic P123 as a template, and acetylacetonate
and HCl as hydrolysis inhibitors. Characteristics of the resultant titania thin films were
studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, N2-adsorption/desorption analysis, and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM investigations on the as …