implementing fractional-order proportional-integral derivative (FOPID) to improve the output
of DC-DC boost converter of solar system and justified by competing alongside perturb and
observe (P&O) and PID-based MPPT technique. The gain variables of FOPID and PID
controller highly influenced the performance of the system. Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is a
novel technique to explore the best couple of gain factors of both PID and FOPID controllers …