GPS technology as a proxy tool for determining relationships in social animals: An example with African elephants

CE Hacker, KM Horback, LJ Miller - Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2015 - Elsevier
The potential application of GPS technology in determining relationships among social
animals was addressed in this study of eight African elephants residing at the San Diego
Zoo Safari Park in Escondido, CA, USA between 2009 and 2011. GPS coordinates were
collected over nine 24 h periods from eight different elephants. The average distances
between individuals were then calculated for the morning, afternoon and evening time
periods as well as for the entire 24 h. Behavioral data were collected to calculate rates of …
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